What is theHarvester?
TheHarvester is a powerful command-line tool included in Kali Linux, primarily used for gathering information about domains through a variety of public sources. Acting as a wrapper around multiple search engines, theHarvester is capable of locating:
The tool sources data from popular search engines and PGP key servers, making it a valuable asset in cybersecurity and open-source intelligence (OSINT) investigations. Security professionals and ethical hackers often utilize theHarvester to collect critical information about a domain, which can help in vulnerability assessment and security auditing.
Understanding Email Harvesting
Email harvesting involves the extraction of email addresses from publicly available sources. This process can be executed in multiple ways, such as:
While theHarvester provides a foundational tool for data collection, modifications can enhance its functionality for specific use cases, such as targeted email collection across multiple domains.
Modifying theHarvester for Custom Email Collection
To improve theHarvester’s capabilities, I developed a custom version in Ruby that allows for a more extensive and automated search across multiple domains or specific keywords. This modified tool not only collects data but also saves the results in a structured CSV file format, making it easier to analyze and utilize the gathered information.
Key Modifications:
Project Purpose
The purpose of this modification was to gather email addresses for companies in specific industries, such as automation. By focusing on targeted fields, the modified tool provides valuable datasets for niche markets, allowing companies to connect with potential clients or partners in their specific area of interest.
VPN and IP Switching for Secure Harvesting
To ensure seamless IP rotation and maintain anonymity during data collection, a VPN service from Private Internet Access (PIA) was integrated. PIA's OpenVPN protocol supports IP switching, which helps in avoiding bans from search engines due to repeated queries from a single IP address. A custom shell script, pia-scheduler
, was used to manage VPN connections and IP changes, ensuring that the data harvesting process remained efficient and uninterrupted.
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Access the Code
The modified code for this customized email harvester can be viewed on GitHub. Check out the repository here: GitHub - search_engine_email_harvester. This repository includes instructions for setting up and running the modified harvester, along with details on dependencies and usage guidelines.
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